Antoine lavoisier biography summary rubric

In addition to it, he studied geology and drew a geological map of France in with remarkable accuracy. For the welfare of people, he applied chemical concepts to the drainage system of France. Since he came from a wealthy family, he spent a large amount of his wealth in the progress of science. For that, he encouraged the poor class people that were interested in chemical studies.

He also worked on the development of agriculture to reduce the acidity of the Soil. For the development of science, Lavoisier collected funds from a unit of government called the General Farm. It was a corrupt unit and was also involved in tax fraud. The funds that were raised the General Farm were drawn by him to spend on scientific research.

Moreover, he also took part in the sale of impure tobacco across the country. Inhe published his Elementary Treatise of Chemistry, which can be regarded as the first chemical textbook in a recognizably modern sense, bringing together the new theories which had emerged over the previous few years. In the book, he gave a clear definition of an element, being a substance that was unable to be broken down by any analytical method, as well as setting out a theory of the way by which compounds could be formed.

The book also contained a list of elements, including modern examples such as zinc and mercury, although light was also included. He made a deliberate effort to bring together all of chemistry with a unified theory, making use of the idea of chemical balance. Although he was not entirely successful in his aim, Lavoisier did advance chemistry significantly by finally destroying the phlogiston theory and by introducing a structured framework for chemical nomenclature.

He did make some mistakes, such as in his assertion that all acids contained oxygen, but his successes generally outweighed his failures. This, coupled with the disproving of phlogiston, paved the way for a new era in the study of chemistry — and, indeed, Lavoisier is often regarded as the father of modern chemistry. He actually studied law and became a lawyer, although he never practiced the profession actively.

In his 20s he was given a position as private tax collector in pre-revolutionary France, tax collection was a privatized industry subsisting on royal collection contracts. It was during this work that Lavoisier assisted in the development of metric measurements, believing it would provide objective standards for French weights and measures.

That he attempted to rescue a number of foreigners from asset seizure or imprisonment did not help. In MayLavoisier was formally charged with diluting tobacco prior to its sale. Lavoisier is most noted for his discovery of the role oxygen plays in combustion. He named oxygenrecognizing it as an element, and also recognized hydrogen as an elementopposing the phlogiston theory.

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Lavoisier helped construct the metric systemwrote the first extensive list of elementsand helped to reform chemical nomenclature. He predicted the existence of silicon [6] and discovered that, although matter may change its form or shape, its mass always remains the same. His wife and laboratory assistant, Marie-Anne Paulze Lavoisierbecame a renowned chemist in her own right.

At the height of the French Revolution, he was charged with tax fraud and selling adulterated tobaccoand was guillotined despite appeals to spare his life in recognition of his contributions to science. A year and a half later, he was exonerated by the French government. The son of an attorney at the Parlement of Parishe inherited a large fortune at the age of five upon the death of his mother.

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In his last two years — at the school, his scientific interests were aroused, and he studied chemistrybotanyastronomyand mathematics. Lavoisier entered the school of law, where he received a bachelor's degree in and a licentiate in Lavoisier received a law degree and was admitted to the barbut never practiced as a lawyer. However, he continued his scientific education in his spare time.

Early scientific work Lavoisier's education was filled with the ideals of the French Enlightenment of the time, and he was fascinated by Pierre Macquer 's dictionary of chemistry. He attended lectures in the natural sciences. His first chemical publication appeared in In collaboration with Guettard, Lavoisier worked on a geological survey of Alsace-Lorraine in June In he read his first paper to the French Academy of SciencesFrance's most elite scientific society, on the chemical and physical properties of gypsum hydrated calcium sulfateand in he was awarded a gold medal by the King for an essay on the problems of urban street lighting.

Lavoisier as a social reformer Lavoisier conducting an experiment on respiration in the s Research benefitting the public good While Lavoisier is commonly known for his contributions to the sciences, he also dedicated a significant portion of his fortune and work toward benefitting the public.

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The goal was to bring water from the river Yvette into Paris so that the citizens could have clean drinking water. But, since the construction never commenced, he instead turned his focus to purifying the water from the Seine. This was the project that interested Lavoisier in the chemistry of water and public sanitation duties. In addition, she assisted him in the laboratory and created many sketches and carved engravings of the laboratory instruments used by Lavoisier and his colleagues for their scientific works.

Madame Lavoisier edited and published Antoine's memoirs whether any English translations of those memoirs have survived is unknown as of today and hosted parties at which eminent scientists discussed ideas and problems related to chemistry. Completed in on the eve of the Revolution, the painting was denied a customary public display at the Paris Salon for fear that it might inflame anti-aristocratic passions.

He did, however, present one important memoir to the Academy of Sciences during this period, on the supposed conversion of water into earth by evaporation. By a very precise quantitative experiment, Lavoisier showed that the "earthy" sediment produced after long-continued reflux heating of water in a glass vessel was not due to a conversion of the water into earth but rather to the gradual disintegration of the inside of the glass vessel produced by the boiling water.

He also attempted to introduce reforms in the French monetary and taxation system to help the peasants. Adulteration of tobacco The Farmers General held a monopoly of the production, import and sale of tobacco in France, and the taxes they levied on tobacco brought revenues of 30 million livres a year. This revenue began to fall because of a growing black market in tobacco that was smuggled and adulterated, most commonly with ash and water.

Lavoisier devised a method of checking whether ash had been mixed in with tobacco: "When a spirit of vitriolaqua fortis or some other acid solution is poured on ash, there is an immediate very intense effervescent reaction, accompanied by an easily detected noise. Of one vendor selling adulterated goods, he wrote "His tobacco enjoys a very good reputation in the province Perhaps the Farm could gain some advantage by adding a bit of this liquid mixture when the tobacco is fabricated.

Thereafter the factories of the Farmers General added, as he recommended, a consistent 6.