Australian dictionary biography douglas mawson google drive

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Donate icon An illustration of a heart shape "Donate to the archive" User icon An illustration of a person's head and chest. Sign up Log in. Mawson raised the necessary funds in a year, from British and Australian governments, and from commercial backers interested in mining and whaling. A second camp was located to the west on the ice shelf in Queen Mary Land.

They built a hut on the rocky cape and wintered through nearly constant blizzards. Mawson wanted to do aerial exploration and brought the first aeroplane to Antarctica. The aircraft, a Vickers R. Type Monoplane[ 7 ] was to be flown by Francis Howard Bickerton. When it was damaged in Australia shortly before the expedition departed, plans were changed so it was to be used only as a tractor on skis.

However, the engine did not operate well in the cold, and it was removed and returned to Vickers in England. The aircraft fuselage itself was abandoned. On 1 Januaryfragments of it were rediscovered by the Mawson's Huts Foundation, which is restoring the original huts. Mawson's exploration program was carried out by five parties from the Main Base and two from the Western Base.

After five weeks of excellent progress mapping the coastline and collecting geological samples, the party was crossing the Ninnis Glacier km east of the main base.

Australian dictionary biography douglas mawson google drive: Douglas Mawson for the purpose

Mertz was skiing and Mawson was on his sled with his weight dispersed, but Ninnis was jogging beside the second sled. Ninnis fell through a crevasseand his body weight is likely to have breached the snow bridge covering it. The six best dogs, most of the party's rations, their tent, and other essential supplies disappeared into the massive crevasse.

Mertz and Mawson spotted one dead and one injured dog on a ledge feet 50 m below them, but Ninnis was never seen again. After a brief service, Mawson and Mertz turned back immediately. They had one week's provisions for two men and no dog food but plenty of fuel and a Primus stove. They sledged for 27 hours continuously to obtain a spare tent cover they had left behind, for which they improvised a frame from skis and a theodolite.

Their lack of provisions forced them to use their remaining sled dogs to feed the other dogs and themselves: [ 10 ]. Their meat was tough, stringy and without a vestige of fat. For a change we sometimes chopped it up finely, mixed it with a little pemmicanand brought all to the boil in a large pot of water. We were exceedingly hungry, but there was nothing to satisfy our appetites.

Only a few ounces were used of the stock of ordinary food, to which was added a portion of dog's meat, never large, for each animal yielded so very little, and the major part was fed to the surviving dogs. They crunched the bones and ate the skin, until nothing remained. There was a quick deterioration in the men's physical condition during this journey.

Both men suffered dizziness ; nausea ; abdominal pain ; irrationality ; mucosal fissuring; skin, hair, and nail loss; and the yellowing of eyes and skin. Later Mawson noticed a dramatic change in his travelling companion. Mertz seemed to lose the will to move and wished only to remain in his sleeping bag. He began to deteriorate rapidly with diarrhoea and madness.

On one occasion Mertz refused to believe he was suffering from frostbite and bit off the tip of his own little finger. This was soon followed by violent raging—Mawson had to sit on his companion's chest and hold down his arms to prevent him from damaging their tent. Mertz suffered further seizures before falling into a coma and dying on 8 January It was unknown at the time that high levels of vitamin A are toxic to humans, causing liver damage, and that husky liver contains extremely high levels of the vitamin.

Mertz may have eaten more of the liver because he had been used to a vegetarian diet, and so may have found the tough muscle tissue difficult to eat, thus being exposed to greater toxicity than Mawson. Mawson continued the final kilometres mi alone. During his return trip to the Main Base he fell through the lid of a crevasse, and was saved only by his australian dictionary biography douglas mawson google drive wedging itself into the ice above him.

He managed to climb out using the harness attaching him to the sled. When Mawson finally made it back to Cape Denisonthe ship Aurora had left only a few hours before. It was recalled by wireless communicationonly to have bad weather thwart the rescue effort. Mawson and six men who had remained behind to look for him wintered a second year until December In Mawson's book Home of the Blizzardhe describes his experiences.

His party, and those at the Western Base, had explored large areas of the Antarctic coast, describing its geologybiology and meteorologyand more closely defining the location of the South magnetic pole. In his book The Home of the BlizzardMawson talked of "Herculean gusts" on 24 May which he learned afterwards "approached two hundred miles per hour".

They had two daughters, Patricia and Jessica. Also inhe was knighted, and was preoccupied with news of the Scott disaster until the outbreak of World War I. During this period he established a very close personal relationship with Kathleen Scottthe widow of polar explorer Robert Falcon Scott. Returning to the University of Adelaide inhe was promoted to the professorship of geology and mineralogy inand made a major contribution to Australian geology.

He also spent much of his time researching the geology of the northern Flinders Ranges in South Australia. Upon his retirement from teaching in he was made an emeritus professor of the University of Adelaide.

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He died at his Brighton home in South Australia on 14 October from a cerebral haemorrhage. At the time of his death he had still not completed editorial work on all the papers resulting from his expedition, and this was completed by his eldest daughter, Patricia, only in InCarroll William Dodge published a genus of fungi within the family Lichinaceaenamed Mawsonia in his honour.

His image appeared on several postage stamps of the Australian Antarctic Territory: 5 pence[ 23 ] 5 pence27 cents and 75 cents[ 24 ] 10 cents[ 25 ] 45 cents The Mawson Collection of Antarctic exploration artefacts is on permanent display at the South Australian Museumincluding a screening of a recreated version of his journey that was shown on ABC Television on 12 May The suburb was gazetted in and is named after him.