Ayn rand biography video walt

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The first reviews Rand received were for Night of January 16th. Reviews of the Broadway production were largely positive, but Rand considered even positive reviews to be embarrassing because of significant changes made to her script by the producer. Overall, they were more positive than those she received for her later work. Rand's first bestseller, The Fountainheadreceived far fewer reviews than We the Livingand reviewers' opinions were mixed.

Atlas Shrugged was widely reviewed, and many of the reviews were strongly negative. He accused Rand of supporting a godless system which he related to that of the Sovietsclaiming, "From almost any page of Atlas Shruggeda voice can be heard Rand's nonfiction received far fewer reviews than her novels. The tenor of the criticism for her first nonfiction book, For the New Intellectualwas similar to that for Atlas Shrugged.

Academic consideration of Rand as a literary figure during her life was limited. Mimi Reisel Gladstein could not ayn rand biography video walt any scholarly articles about Rand's novels when she began researching her inand only three such articles appeared during the rest of the s. Rand called her philosophy "Objectivism", describing its essence as "the concept of man as a heroic being, with his own happiness as the moral purpose of his life, with productive achievement as his noblest activity, and reason as his only absolute".

In metaphysics, Rand supported philosophical realism and opposed anything she regarded as mysticism or supernaturalism, including all forms of religion. Rand also related her aesthetics to metaphysics by defining art as a "selective re-creation of reality according to an artist's metaphysical value-judgments". In works such as The Romantic Manifesto and The Art of Fictionshe described Romanticism as the approach that most accurately reflects the existence of human free will.

In epistemology, Rand considered all knowledge to be based on forming higher levels of understanding from sense perception, the validity of which she considered axiomatic. Barnes and Ellis said Rand was too dismissive of emotion and failed to recognize its importance in human life. Branden said Rand's emphasis on reason led her to denigrate emotions and create unrealistic expectations of how consistently rational human beings should be.

In ethics, Rand argued for rational and ethical egoism rational self-interestas the guiding moral principle. She said the individual should "exist for his own sake, neither sacrificing himself to others nor sacrificing others to himself". Rand's ethics and politics are the most criticized areas of her philosophy. O'Neill in two of the earliest academic critiques of her ideas, [ ] said she failed in her attempt to solve the is—ought problem.

Rand's political philosophy emphasized individual rightsincluding property rights. She considered laissez-faire capitalism the only moral social system because in her view it was the only system based on protecting those rights. She worked with conservatives on political projects but disagreed with them over issues such as religion and ethics.

Several critics, including Nozick, have said her attempt to justify individual rights based on egoism fails. Except for Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas and classical liberalsRand was sharply critical [ ] of most philosophers and philosophical traditions known to her. In an article for the Claremont Review of Bookspolitical scientist Charles Murray criticized Rand's claim that her only "philosophical debt" was to Aristotle.

He asserted her ideas were derivative of previous thinkers such as John Locke and Friedrich Nietzsche. Inshe alluded to his idea of the " superman " in notes for an unwritten novel whose protagonist was inspired by the murderer William Edward Hickman. Rand considered Immanuel Kant her philosophical opposite and "the most evil man in mankind's history"; [ ] she believed his epistemology undermined reason and his ethics opposed self-interest.

Rand's relationship with contemporary philosophers was mostly antagonistic. She was not an academic and did not participate in academic discourse. During Rand's lifetime, her work received little attention from academic scholars. Rasmussen defended her positions, but described her style as "literary, hyperbolic and emotional". After her death, interest in Rand's ideas increased gradually.

Heyl described a divergence in how different academic specialties viewed Rand. She said that Rand's philosophy "is regularly omitted from academic philosophy. Yet, throughout literary academia, Ayn Rand is considered a philosopher. He said most commentators view her ethical argument as an unconvincing variant of Aristotle's ethics, and her political theory "is of little interest" because it is marred by an "ill-thought out and unsystematic" effort to reconcile her hostility to the state with her rejection of anarchism.

Inhistorian Jennifer Burns identified "an explosion of scholarship" about Rand since[ ] although as of that year, few universities included Rand or Objectivism as a philosophical specialty or research area. In a essay for the Cato InstituteHuemer argued very few people find Rand's ideas convincing, especially her ethics.

Ayn rand biography video walt: video viewing page (you can

He attributed the attention she receives to her being a "compelling writer", especially as a novelist. Cleary wrote: "Philosophers love to hate Ayn Rand. It's trendy to scoff at any mention of her. Media critic Eric Burns said in that "Rand is surely the most engaging philosopher of my lifetime", [ ] but "nobody in the academe pays any attention to her, neither as an author nor a philosopher".

With over 37 million copies sold as of [update]Rand's books continue to be read widely. Rand's Atlas Shrugged was the second most popular choice, after the Bible. Television shows, movies, songs, and video games have referred to Rand and her works. Jibes at Rand as cold and inhuman run through the popular culture. Rand's works, most commonly Anthem or The Fountainheadare sometimes assigned as secondary school reading.

Although she rejected the labels "conservative" and "libertarian", [ ] [ ] Rand has had a continuing influence on right-wing politics and libertarianism. The political figures who cite Rand as an influence are usually conservatives often members of the Republican Party[ ] despite Rand taking some atypical positions for a conservative, like being pro-choice and an atheist.

Buckley Jr. The — financial crisis renewed interest in her works, especially Atlas Shruggedwhich some saw as foreshadowing the crisis. Critics blamed the Great Recession on her support of selfishness and free marketsparticularly through her influence on Alan Greenspan. After the closure of the Nathaniel Branden Institute, the Objectivist movement continued in other forms.

In the s, Peikoff began delivering courses on Objectivism. InPeikoff worked with businessman Ed Snider to establish the Ayn Rand Institutea nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting Rand's ideas and works. McCaskey organized the Anthem Foundation for Objectivist Scholarship, which provides grants for scholarly work on Objectivism in academia.

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Ayn rand biography video walt: Throughout Ayn Rand's career, no

Russian-born American writer and philosopher — Russia until [ a ] United States from Frank O'Connor. Life [ edit ]. Early life [ edit ]. Early fiction [ edit ]. The Fountainhead and political activism [ edit ]. See also: The Fountainhead and The Fountainhead film. Atlas Shrugged and Objectivism [ edit ]. See also: Atlas ShruggedObjectivismand Objectivist movement.

Later years [ edit ]. Literary approach, influences and reception [ edit ]. Influences [ edit ]. Contemporary reviews [ edit ]. Academic assessments of Rand's fiction [ edit ]. Philosophy [ edit ]. Objectivism Rational egoism Individualism Capitalism Romantic realism. Related topics. Objectivism and homosexuality Objectivism and libertarianism Objectivism's rejection of the primitive Randian hero.

Anti-imperialism Civil libertarianism Constitutionalism Counter-economics Decentralization Departurism Economic freedom Evictionism Free banking Free market Free-market environmentalism Free migration Free trade Free will Freedom of association Freedom of contract Freedom of speech Homestead principle Individuality Individualism Liberty Limited government Localism Marriage privatization Natural rights and legal rights Non-aggression principle Non-interventionism Non-politics Non-voting Open border Polycentric law Private defense agency Private property Public choice theory Restorative justice Right to bear arms Right to privacy Rugged Individualism Self-ownership Single tax Small government Spontaneous order Stateless society Tax resistance Title-transfer theory of contract Voluntary association Voluntary society.

Friedman M. Friedman P. Friedman R. See also. Main article: Objectivism. Metaphysics and epistemology [ edit ]. Ethics and politics [ edit ]. Relationship to other philosophers [ edit ]. Rand claimed Aristotle left as her primary philosophical influence, and strongly criticized Immanuel Kant right. Early academic reaction [ edit ]. Legacy [ edit ].

Popular interest [ edit ]. Political influence [ edit ]. Economic systems. Economic theories. Anti-capitalism Capitalist propaganda Capitalist realism Capitalist state Consumerism Crisis theory Criticism of capitalism Critique of political economy Critique of work Cronyism Culture of capitalism Evergreening Exploitation of labour Globalization History History of theory Market economy Periodizations of capitalism Perspectives on capitalism Post-capitalism Speculation Spontaneous order Venture philanthropy Wage slavery.

See also: Objectivism and libertarianism. Objectivist movement [ edit ]. Main article: Objectivist movement. Selected works [ edit ]. Main article: Bibliography of Ayn Rand and Objectivism.

Ayn rand biography video walt: In this episode, I interview Walter

Notes [ edit ]. Most sources transliterate her given name as either Alisa or Alissa. In it was renamed Leningrad. The name Saint Petersburg was restored in Rand did not participate in the production and was highly critical of the result. After Rand's post-war legal claims over the piracy were settled, the films were re-edited with her approval and released as We the Living in References [ edit ].

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Ayn rand biography video walt: Facts & Sources. BiographyHistoryPhilosophy. Understanding

Ayn Rand Institute. December 20, Works cited [ edit ]. Fall Zalta, Edward N. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved May 3, Baker, James T. Ayn Rand. Twayne's United States Authors. Boston: Twayne Publishers. ISBN Branden, Barbara The Passion of Ayn Rand. Britting, Jeff Overlook Illustrated Lives. New York: Overlook Duckworth. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books.

Burns, Eric Burns, Jennifer November Modern Intellectual History. ISSN S2CID Burns, Jennifer New York: Oxford University Press. Burns, Jennifer December The Journal of American History. Day to Day. National Public Radio. Archived from the original on January 18, Retrieved March 25, Chambers, Whittaker December 28, National Review. Cleary, Skye C.

June 22, Archived from the original on September 21, Retrieved September 2, Cocks, Neil, ed. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. The Personalist. The Philosophic Thought of Ayn Rand paperback ed. Chicago: University of Illinois Press. Doherty, Brian New York: Public Affairs Press. Doherty, Brian December Duffy, Francesca August 20, Education Week.

Archived from the original on July 21, Retrieved July 21, Duggan, Lisa American Studies Now. Oakland, California: University of California Press. Flaherty, Colleen October 16, Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved May 12, Gladstein, Mimi Reisel The New Ayn Rand Companion. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. Gladstein, Mimi Reisel Spring The Journal of Ayn Rand Studies.

JSTOR Major Conservative and Libertarian Thinkers. New York: Continuum. Feminist Interpretations of Ayn Rand. Re-reading the Canon. Gotthelf, Allan On Ayn Rand. Wadsworth Philosophers. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing. A Companion to Ayn Rand. Blackwell Companions to Philosophy. Chichester, United Kingdom: Wiley Blackwell. Grigorovskaya, Anastasiya Vasilievna December Heller, Anne C.

Ayn Rand and the World She Made. New York: Nan A. Heyl, Jenny A. In Waithe, Mary Ellen ed. Boston: Kluwer Academic. Hicks, Stephen R. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Hill, R. Kevin Fall Hook, Sidney April 9,