Col gaddafi biography

John Blake. Archived from the original on 1 August Retrieved 28 April The Times of India. Archived from the original on 9 January Retrieved 30 August Retrieved 28 February Archived from the original on 31 March Retrieved 14 February The Times. Archived from the original on 13 February Archived from the original on 21 March Retrieved 15 June Marjolijn de Jager".

Col gaddafi biography: Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar

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Archived from the original on 5 December Retrieved 17 July Retrieved 9 January Retrieved 22 March The New Arab. Bearman, Jonathan Qadhafi's Libya. London: Zed Books. Bianco, Mirella Gadafi: Voice from the Desert. Translated by Lyle, Margaret. London: Longman. Blundy, David ; Lycett, Andrew Qaddafi and the Libyan Revolution. Boyd-Judson, Lyn Foreign Policy Analysis.

Castro, Jose Esteban Cojean, Annick New York: Grove Press. Cooley, John K. Libyan Sandstorm. Davis, J. Government and Opposition. JSTOR S2CID El-Khawas, Mohamed Africa Today. First, Ruth Libya: The Elusive Revolution. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Gardell, Matthias Durham and London: Duke University Press. Hajjar, Sami G. The Journal of Modern African Studies.

Harris, Lillian Craig Libya: Qadhafi's Revolution and the Modern State. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. Haynes, Jeff Hinnebusch, Raymond A. Third World Quarterly. Human Rights Watch Death of a Dictator: Bloody Vengeance in Sirte. Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on col gaddafi biography May Retrieved 4 December Kamel, Amir M. International Affairs.

Archived PDF from the original on 27 August Retrieved 27 August The International Communication Gazette. Kawczynski, Daniel London: Biteback. Martin, Guy Pargeter, Alice Libya: The Rise and Fall of Qaddafi. New Haven: Yale University Press. Ronen, Yehudit In Shaked, Haim; Dishon, Daniel eds. Middle East Contemporary Survey. Volume VIII: — Ramutsindela, Maano South African Geographical Journal.

Bibcode : SAfGJ. Sacerdoti, Giorgio; Acconci, Pia Simons, Geoff Libya: The Struggle for Survival second ed. Houndmills and London: Macmillan. Libya and the West: From Independence to Lockerbie. Oxford: Centre for Libyan Studies.

Col gaddafi biography: Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar

John, Ronald Bruce International Journal of Middle East Studies. London: Saqi Books. The Journal of North African Studies. Libya: From Colony to Revolution rev. Oxford: Oneworld. Sykes, Alan Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Tandon, Yash The Empire and Its Neo-Colonies". Insight on Africa. Vandewalle, Dirk A History of Modern Libya.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Vandewalle, Dirk a. In Vandewalle, Dirk ed. Libya Since Qadhafi's Revolution Revisited. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan. Vandewalle, Dirk b. Zoubir, Yahia H. Journal of Contemporary European Studies. Muammar Gaddafi at Wikipedia's sister projects. Mahmud Sulayman al-Maghribi. Abdessalam Jalloud.

Abdul Ati al-Obeidi. Jakaya Kikwete. Bingu wa Mutharika. Muammar Gaddafi. Articles related to Muammar Gaddafi. Heads of state of Libya. Heads of government of Libya. Maghribi Gaddafi Jalloud. Delany Cheikh Anta Diop W. Wilson Omali Yeshitela. Arab Spring. Internet censorship Online social media. Egypt Libya domestic responses Syria. People publicly indicted in the International Criminal Court.

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Col gaddafi biography: Muammar al-Qaddafi (born ,

Authority control databases. Toggle the table of contents. Gaddafi in In office 2 March — 20 October [ a ]. In office 1 September — 2 March Idris I as King of Libya. Qaddafi's ruling style was not just oppressive, it was eccentric. He had a cadre of female bodyguards in heels, considered himself the king of Africa, erected a tent to stay in when he traveled abroad, and dressed in strange costume-like outfits.

His bizarre antics often distracted from his brutality, and earned him the nickname "the mad dog of the Middle East. In addition to his destructive rule at home, Qaddafi was despised by much of the international community. His government was implicated in the financing of many anti-Western groups around the world, including some terror plots.

The Irish Republican Army allegedly had links to Qaddafi. Because of the regime's links to Irish terrorism, the United Kingdom cut off diplomatic relations with Libya for more than a decade. InLibyan terrorists were thought to be behind the bombing of a West Berlin dance club that killed three and injured scores of people. The United States in turn, under President Ronald Reagan's administration, bombed specific targets in Libya that included Qaddafi's residence in Tripoli.

In the most famous instance of the country's connection to terrorism, Libya was implicated in the Lockerbie bombing. A plane carrying people blew up near Lockerbie, Scotland, killing all on board, with falling debris killing 11 civilians on the ground. Libyan terrorists, including an in-law of Qaddafi's, were also believed to be behind the destruction of a French passenger jet inkilling all on board.

In s, the relationship between Qaddafi and the West began to thaw. As Qaddafi faced a growing threat from Islamists who opposed his rule, he began to share information with the British and American intelligence services. InNelson Mandela persuaded the Libyan leader to hand over the suspects from the Lockerbie bombing. It wasn't long before Qaddafi had mended relations with the West on many fronts.

Qaddafi was welcomed in Western capitals, and Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi counted him among his close friends. Qaddafi's son and heir apparent, Seif al-Islam Qaddafi, mixed with London's high society for several years. Many critics of the newfound friendship of Qaddafi and the West believed it was based on business and access to oil.

Inthe United Nations eased sanctions on Libya, and foreign oil companies worked out lucrative new contracts to operate in the country. The influx of money to Libya made Qaddafi, his family and his associates even wealthier. The disparity between the ruling family and the masses became ever more apparent. Bleuchot, Chroniques et documents libyens, For information on relations with the U.

Haley, Qaddafi and the United States since The story of the raid is told by pilot Col. Robert E. Venkius, Raid on Qaddafi St. Martin's Press, Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. January 8, Retrieved January 08, from Encyclopedia. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list.

Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia. History Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps Muammar Al-Gaddafi. Muammar Al-Gaddafi gale. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia. More From encyclopedia. MU car.

MTV's Wuthering Heights. MTV Networks, Inc. MTV Networks Inc. MTV Networks Company. Mtukudzi, Oliver. Mtshali, Mbuyiseni Oswald. Muard, Marie Jean Baptiste. Muasher, Marwan —. Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan. It is perhaps more plausible to argue that the Libyan leader played his WMD card when he saw the benefits of forging strategic partnerships with the US and European powers.

Tony Blair visited Gaddafi at his luxurious Bedouin tent after sanctions were lifted. He certainly paid little heed to Mr Bush's so-called "freedom agenda", which held that the US no longer held common cause with dictators and despots and that democracy and human rights were just around the corner. It was after all more or less business as usual between Washington and the other authoritarian Arab rulers whom the US called friends and allies.

With international sanctions lifted, Tripoli was back on the international political itinerary, allowing British Prime Minister Tony Blairexternalamong other luminaries, to drop in at Gaddafi's famously luxurious Bedouin tent erected in his palace grounds. In true nomadic style, the tent also went with the colonel on trips to Europe and the US, although in New York state it fell foul of stringent zoning regulations on the estate of tycoon Donald Trump and had to be hastily dismantled.

Distaste about the alleged architect of Lockerbie's readmission into the world leaders' club lingered in many circles, not least among the US victims' families and their supporters. But that did not stop business deals being struck with a succession of western defence manufacturers and oil firms. Ironically, it was on the Arab front that Gaddafi kept his black sheep status alive.

Throughout the s, the normally staid proceedings of annual summits of the Arab League were almost guaranteed to be disrupted by the Libyan leader's antics, whether it was col gaddafi biography up a cigarette and blowing smoke into the face of his neighbour, or tossing insults at Gulf rulers and the Palestinians, or declaring himself "king of kings of Africa".

The UN has also witnessed the colonel's eccentricity. At the General Assembly, he gave a rambling speech more than an hour-and-a-quarter longer than his allocated minute time slot, tearing out and screwing up pages from the UN Charter as he spoke. When the winds of revolt started to blow through the Arab world from Tunisia in DecemberLibya was not at the top of most people's list of "who's next".

The combination of water and oil gave Libya a sound economic platform. Gaddafi fitted the bill as an authoritarian ruler who had endured for more years than the vast majority of his citizens could remember. But he was not so widely perceived as a western lackey as other Arab leaders, accused of putting outside interests before the interests of their own people.

He had redistributed wealth - although the enrichment of his own family from oil revenues and col gaddafi biography deals was hard to ignore and redistribution was undertaken more in the spirit of buying loyalty than promoting equality. He sponsored grand public works, such as the improbable Great Man-Made River projectexternala massive endeavour inspired, perhaps, by ancient Bedouin water procurement techniques, that brought sweet, fresh water from aquifers in the south to the arid north of his country.

There was even something of a Tripoli Spring, with long-term exiles given to understand that they could return without facing persecution or jail. When the first calls for a Libyan "day of rage" were circulated, Gaddafi pledged - apparently in all seriousness - to protest with the people, in keeping with his myth of being the "brother leader of the revolution" who had long ago relinquished power to the people.

As it turned out, the scent of freedom and the draw of possibly toppling the colonel, just as Egypt's Mubarak and Tunisia's Ben Ali had been toppled, was too strong to resist among parts of the Libyan population, especially in the east.